Sample Exams

Exam Reviews

Physiology II - PB 3325
Course Director: Mrs. Kay Brashear

STUDY GUIDE QUIZ 2

LAB MANUAL: EXERCISE V CARDIOVASCULAR SOUNDS AND CASE STUDIES

1. Know the location for auscultation for the aortic, pulmonary, bicuspid and tricuspid valves.
2. What happens to S2 when you inhale deeply?
3. What type of murmurs could best be heard during a deep inspiration?
4. What type of murmurs are heard during diastole?
5. What type of murmurs are heard during systole?
6. Review the Heart Sounds Case Studies: can you answer all of the questions? do you understand?

LAB MANUAL: EXERCISE VI BLOOD PRESSURE, PULSE AND CASE STUDIES

1. Know the procedure for taking blood pressure.
2. Be able to calculate the pulse pressure and the mean arterial pressure.
3. What is the apical pulse? a pulse deficit?
4. Know the formulae on the back page of the blood pressure case studies. Be prepared to answer questions based on the concept or to do simple calculations using the formulae.

LAB MANUAL: EXERCISE VII BIOPAC EXERCISES

Baroreceptor Reflex

1. Be able to draw and label a pulse pressure diagram.
How is the pulse pressure used in physiology lab? What are the units that are used for comparisons?
            a. The pulse pressure is used in the lab to determine if there are changes in TPR.
                If the amplitude of the curve increases then resistance decreases and if
                the amplitude decreases resistance increases.
            b. microvolts
2. Be able to answer the questions in the lab manual related to the baroreceptor reflex.
     1. What cardiovascular changes occur when the body changes from supine
             to standing?
                Hydrostatic pressure causes blood to move toward the feet and pool there. This
                causes a decrease in venous return = decrease in cardiac output = decrease in
                arterial BP
         2. Where are baroreceptors located?   Aorta and carotid arteries
     3. How does the baroreceptor reflex counteract the changes that result from the
             positional change?    The drop in pressure causes a decrease in input from the
             receptors to the vasomotor center. A mass sympathetic response occurs which
             increases HR., TPR, C.O. thus an increase in blood pressure
         4. How does the 5 minute recovery data differ from the baseline supine data?
             Generally, the HR, TPR and BP will be slightly higher standing than in the supine
             postion
         5. Were there any changes in heart rate and TPR from the beginning to the end of the
                experimental data? At the beginning of the recording we were seeing the end of
                the baroreceptor response. As the blood pressure increased the sympathetic
                input decreased quickly to a level to sustain normal blood pressure.
     6. Why did the peripheral pulse pressure change when the position changed from
            supine to standing? - ---- Since the peripheral pulse pressure is an indication of
            flow, as the TPR increased the flow decreased and the amplitude of the peripheral
            pulse pressure decreased.
     7. Why did some of the CV changes seen after standing persist after the five minute
             recovery period?   The changes that persist (higher HR and BP) allow normal CV
             function and overcome the effect of hydrostatic pressure.

Cold Pressor Reflex

1. Read the information in the lab introduction.

2. Answer the questions in the lab manual relating to the cold pressor reflex.
      1. By looking at your data, could you tell if the water used in the lab was above or
              below 15 degrees C?   If you saw a consistent increase in TPR the water was
              above and if you saw a regular metabolic vasodilation then constriction then
              vasodilation etc. then the water was below 15 degrees C.
           2. Why would vasodilation alternate with vasoconstriction when an extremity
               remains in very cold water?   The constriction is so severe that there is not
               enough flow to maintain metabolism. There is periodic local flow vasodilation
               and then constriction then vasodilation, etc.
           3. How fast did the cold pressor reflex act?From looking at the recordings an
               increase in TPR can be seen within two or three heartbeats.
           4. Given the speed at which the cold pressor reflex acts, would you consider this an
                important or minor reflex.   This is an important reflex used to control core body
                temperature.